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Exploring molecular changes at the surface of polypropylene after accelerated thermomolecular adhesion treatments

Awaja, Firas, Gilbert, Michael, Kelly, Georgina, Fox, Bronwyn, Brynolf, Russell and Pigram, Paul J. 2010, Exploring molecular changes at the surface of polypropylene after accelerated thermomolecular adhesion treatments, ACS applied materials & interfaces, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 1505-1513.

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Title Exploring molecular changes at the surface of polypropylene after accelerated thermomolecular adhesion treatments
Author(s) Awaja, Firas
Gilbert, Michael
Kelly, Georgina
Fox, Bronwyn
Brynolf, Russell
Pigram, Paul J.
Journal name ACS applied materials & interfaces
Volume number 2
Issue number 5
Start page 1505
End page 1513
Total pages 9
Publisher American Chemical Society
Place of publication Washington, D.C.
Publication date 2010-05-26
ISSN 1944-8244
1944-8252
Keyword(s) polypropylene
surface modification
adhesion strength
ToF-SIMS
XPS
ATmaP
Summary A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) method was used to investigate the performance of the accelerated thermomolecular adhesion process (ATmaP), at different operating conditions. ATmaP is a modified flame-treatment process that features the injection of a coupling agent into the flame to impart a tailored molecular surface chemistry on the work piece. In this study, the surface properties of treated polypropylene were evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). All samples showed a significant increase in the relative concentration of oxygen (up to 12.2%) and nitrogen (up to 2.4%) at the surface in comparison with the untreated sample (0.7% oxygen and no detectable nitrogen) as measured by XPS. ToF-SIMS and principal components analysis (PCA) showed that ATmaP induced multiple reactions at the polypropylene surface such as chain scission, oxidation, nitration, condensation, and molecular loss, as indicated by changes in the relative intensities of the hydrocarbon (C3H7+ , C3H5+ , C4H7+, and C5H9+), nitrogen and oxygen-containing secondary ions (C2H3O+, C3H8N+, C2H5NO+, C3H6NO+, and C3H7NO+). The increase in relative intensity of the nitrogen oxide ions (C2H5NO+ and C3H7NO+) correlates with the process of incorporating oxides of nitrogen into the surface as a result of the injection of the ATmaP coupling agent.
Language eng
Field of Research 091202 Composite and Hybrid Materials
Socio Economic Objective 970103 Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences
HERDC Research category C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journal
HERDC collection year 2010
Copyright notice ©2010, American Chemical Society
Persistent URL http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30033051

Document type: Journal Article
Collection: Centre for Material and Fibre Innovation
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