Estimating the contribution of carnivorous waterbirds to nutrient loading in freshwater habitats Hahn, Steffen, Bauer, Silke and Klaassen, Marcel 2007, Estimating the contribution of carnivorous waterbirds to nutrient loading in freshwater habitats, Freshwater biology, vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 2421-2433, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01838.x. Attached Files Name Description MIMEType Size Downloads Title Estimating the contribution of carnivorous waterbirds to nutrient loading in freshwater habitats Author(s) Hahn, Steffen Bauer, Silke Klaassen, Marcel orcid.org/0000-0003-3907-9599 Journal name Freshwater biology Volume number 52 Issue number 12 Start page 2421 End page 2433 Publisher Wiley-Blackwell Place of publication Oxford, England Publication date 2007-12 ISSN 0046-5070 1365-2427 Keyword(s) eutrophication faeces nitrogen phosphorus waterfowl Summary 1. We estimated nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading into wetlands by carnivorous waterbirds with alternative physiological models using a food-intake and an excreta-production approach. The models were applied for non-breeding and breeding Dutch inland carnivorous waterbird populations to quantify their contribution to nutrient loading on a landscape scale. 2. Model predictions based on food intake exceeded those based on excretion by 59–62% for N and by 2–36% for P, depending on dietary assumptions. Uncertainty analysis indicated that the intake model was most affected by errors in energy requirement, while the excretion model was dependent on faecal nutrient composition. 3. Per capita loading rate of non-breeders increased with body mass from 0.3–0.8 g N day−1 and 0.15 g P day−1 in little gulls Larus minutus to 4.5–11.5 g N day−1 and 2.1–3.2 g P day−1 in great cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo. For breeding birds, the estimated nutrient loading by a family unit over the entire breeding period ranged between 17.6–443.0 g N and 8.6 g P for little tern Sterna albifrons to 619.6–1755.6 g N and 316.2–498.1 g P for great cormorants. 4. We distinguished between external (i.e. importing) and internal (i.e. recycling) nutrient loading by carnivorous waterbirds. For the Netherlands, average external-loading estimates ranged between 38.1–91.5 tonnes N and 16.7–18.2 tonnes P per year, whilst internal-loading estimates ranged between 53.1–140.5 tonnes N and 25.2–39.2 tonnes P and per year. The average contribution of breeding birds was estimated to be 17% and 32% for external and internal loading respectively. Most important species were black-headed gull Larus ridibundus and mew gull Larus canus for external loading, and great cormorant and grey heron Ardea cinerea for internal loading. 5. On a landscape scale, loading by carnivorous waterbirds was of minor importance for freshwater habitats in the Netherlands with 0.26–0.65 kg N ha−1 a−1 and 0.12–0.16 kg P ha−1 a−1. However, on a local scale, breeding colonies may be responsible for significant P loading. Language eng DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01838.x Field of Research 060202 Community Ecology (excl Invasive Species Ecology) Socio Economic Objective 970106 Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences HERDC Research category C1.1 Refereed article in a scholarly journal Copyright notice ©2007, The Authors Persistent URL http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30035099 Document type: Journal Article Collections: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology Related Links Link Description Connect to published version (restricted access) Go to link with your DU access privileges     Unless expressly stated otherwise, the copyright for items in DRO is owned by the author, with all rights reserved. Versions Version Filter Type Mon, 30 May 2011, 10:59:45 EST Thu, 21 Jul 2011, 15:23:56 EST Thu, 21 Jul 2011, 15:25:21 EST Mon, 16 Jun 2014, 18:06:57 EST Filtered Full Citation counts:   Cited 53 times in TR Web of Science Cited 60 times in Scopus Search Google Scholar Access Statistics: 541 Abstract Views, 0 File Downloads  -  Detailed Statistics Created: Mon, 30 May 2011, 10:59:45 EST

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