The relationships between insomnia, sleep apnoea and depression: findings from the American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2008. Hayley,AC, Williams,LJ, Venugopal,K, Kennedy,GA, Berk,M and Pasco,JA 2015, The relationships between insomnia, sleep apnoea and depression: findings from the American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2008., Australian & New Zealand journal of psychiatry, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 156-170, doi: 10.1177/0004867414546700. Attached Files Name Description MIMEType Size Downloads Title The relationships between insomnia, sleep apnoea and depression: findings from the American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2008. Author(s) Hayley,AC Williams,LJ orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-1272 Venugopal,K Kennedy,GA Berk,M orcid.org/0000-0002-5554-6946 Pasco,JA orcid.org/0000-0002-8968-4714 Journal name Australian & New Zealand journal of psychiatry Volume number 49 Issue number 2 Start page 156 End page 170 Total pages 15 Publisher Sage Publications Place of publication London, England Publication date 2015-02 ISSN 1440-1614 Keyword(s) Comorbidity National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) depression epidemiology insomnia obstructive sleep apnoea population Summary Objective: To determine the association between insomnia, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), and comorbid insomnia- OSA and depression, while controlling for relevant lifestyle and health factors, among a large population-based sample of US adults. Method: We examined a sample of 11,329 adults (≥18 years) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during the years 2005-2008. Insomnia was classified via a combination of self-reported positive physician diagnosis and high-frequency 'trouble falling asleep', 'waking during the night', 'waking too early', and 'feeling unrested during the day'. OSA was classified as a combination of a positive response to a physician-diagnosed condition, in addition to a high frequency of self-reported nocturnal 'snoring', 'snorting/stopping breathing' and 'feeling overly sleepy during the day'. Comorbid insomnia-OSA was further assessed by combining a positive response to either insomnia (all), or sleep apnoea (all), as classified above. Depressive symptomology was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with scores of >9 used to indicate depression. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for sleep disorders and depression were attained from logistic regression modelling adjusted for sex, age, poverty level, smoking status and body mass index (BMI). Results: Those who reported insomnia, OSA or comorbid insomnia-OSA symptoms reported higher rates of depression (33.6%, 22.2%, 27.1%, respectively), and consistently reported poorer physical health outcomes than those who did not report sleep disorders. After adjusting for sex, age, poverty level, smoking status and BMI (kg/m2), insomnia (OR 6.57, 95% CI 3.89-11.11), OSA (OR 5.14, 95% CI 3.14-8.41) and comorbid insomnia-OSA (OR 6.67, 95% CI 4.44-10.00) were associated with an increased likelihood of reporting depression. © The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists 2014. Language eng DOI 10.1177/0004867414546700 Field of Research 110999 Neurosciences not elsewhere classified Socio Economic Objective 920410 Mental Health HERDC Research category C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journal ERA Research output type C Journal article Copyright notice ©2014, Sage Persistent URL http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30067194 Document type: Journal Article Collections: Faculty of Health School of Medicine Related Links Link Description Connect to published version Go to link with your DU access privileges   Author URL Go to link with your DU access privileges     Unless expressly stated otherwise, the copyright for items in DRO is owned by the author, with all rights reserved. Versions Version Filter Type Mon, 03 Nov 2014, 11:40:55 EST Mon, 08 Dec 2014, 10:50:09 EST Mon, 08 Dec 2014, 11:10:45 EST Mon, 08 Dec 2014, 11:19:26 EST Wed, 10 Dec 2014, 11:02:01 EST Wed, 10 Dec 2014, 11:03:40 EST Wed, 10 Dec 2014, 11:04:25 EST Wed, 10 Dec 2014, 11:14:12 EST Mon, 19 Jan 2015, 12:36:02 EST Tue, 14 Apr 2015, 09:07:51 EST Tue, 14 Apr 2015, 09:08:34 EST Filtered Full Citation counts:   Cited 29 times in TR Web of Science Cited 30 times in Scopus Search Google Scholar Access Statistics: 647 Abstract Views, 3 File Downloads  -  Detailed Statistics Created: Mon, 08 Dec 2014, 10:50:09 EST

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