Towards phosphorus free Ionic liquid anti-wear lubricant additives Somers, Anthony E, Yunis, Ruhamah, Armand, Michael B, Pringle, Jennifer M, MacFarlane, Douglas R and Forsyth, Maria 2016, Towards phosphorus free Ionic liquid anti-wear lubricant additives, Lubricants, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1-12, doi: 10.3390/lubricants4020022. Attached Files Name Description MIMEType Size Downloads somers-towardsphosphorus-2016.pdf Published version application/pdf 3.46MB 52 Title Towards phosphorus free Ionic liquid anti-wear lubricant additives Author(s) Somers, Anthony E orcid.org/0000-0002-0220-2904 Yunis, Ruhamah orcid.org/0000-0002-2549-2086 Armand, Michael B Pringle, Jennifer M orcid.org/0000-0002-2729-2838 MacFarlane, Douglas R Forsyth, Maria orcid.org/0000-0002-4273-8105 Journal name Lubricants Volume number 4 Issue number 2 Article ID 22 Start page 1 End page 12 Total pages 12 Publisher MDPI AG Place of publication Basel, Switzerland Publication date 2016-06 ISSN 2075-4442 Summary The development of improved anti-wear additives would enable the use of lower viscosity oils that would lead to improved efficiency. Ionic liquids have the potential to be this type of new anti-wear additive. However, currently the best performing ionic liquids that are miscible in non-polar base oils, the phosphonium phosphates, contain phosphorus on both the cation and anion. Manufacturers are seeking to reduce the presence of phosphorus in oils. Here, as a first step towards phosphorus-free anti-wear additives, we have investigated ionic liquids similar to the phosphonium phosphates but having either a phosphorus-free cation or anion. Two quaternary ammonium phosphates (N6,6,6,14)(BEHP) and (N8,8,8,8)(BEHP) and a phosphonium silyl-sulfonate (P6,6,6,14)(SSi) were compared to a phosphonium phosphate (P6,6,6,14)(BEHP) and a traditional zinc dithiophosphate (ZDDP) as anti-wear additives in mineral oil. The change from a phosphonium to a quaternary ammonium cation drastically reduced the miscibility of the Ionic liquid (IL) in the oil, while the change to a smaller silicon containing anion also resulted in limited miscibility. For the pin-on-disk wear test conditions used here none of the ionic liquids outperformed the ZDDP except the (P6,6,6,14)(BEHP) at a relatively high loading of 0.10 mol·kg−1 (approximately 8 wt%). At a more moderate loading of 0.025 mol·kg−1 the (P6,6,6,14)(SSi) was the best performing ionic liquid by a significant amount, reducing the wear to 44% of the neat mineral oil, while the ZDDP reduced the wear to 25% of the mineral oil value. Electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that the presence of a silicon containing tribofilm was responsible for this protective behaviour, suggesting that silicon containing ionic liquids should be further investigated as anti-wear additives for oils. Language eng DOI 10.3390/lubricants4020022 Field of Research 091205 Functional Materials Socio Economic Objective 970103 Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences HERDC Research category C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journal Copyright notice ©2016, The Authors Free to Read? Yes Use Rights Persistent URL http://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30093703 Document type: Journal Article Collections: Institute for Frontier Materials Open Access Collection GTP Research Related Links Link Description Connect to published version Go to link with your DU access privileges     Unless expressly stated otherwise, the copyright for items in DRO is owned by the author, with all rights reserved. Every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that permission has been obtained for items included in DRO. If you believe that your rights have been infringed by this repository, please contact drosupport@deakin.edu.au. Versions Version Filter Type Thu, 06 Apr 2017, 21:25:18 EST Fri, 07 Apr 2017, 05:08:10 EST Wed, 19 Jul 2017, 06:04:01 EST Thu, 27 Jul 2017, 15:00:43 EST Thu, 27 Jul 2017, 15:02:38 EST Fri, 28 Jul 2017, 12:59:42 EST Tue, 26 Sep 2017, 15:12:40 EST Fri, 07 Sep 2018, 12:47:18 EST Sat, 20 Oct 2018, 01:31:24 EST Filtered Full Citation counts:   Cited 0 times in TR Web of Science Cited 9 times in Scopus Search Google Scholar Access Statistics: 340 Abstract Views, 52 File Downloads  -  Detailed Statistics Created: Thu, 06 Apr 2017, 21:25:18 EST

Every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that permission has been obtained for items included in DRO. If you believe that your rights have been infringed by this repository, please contact drosupport@deakin.edu.au.