Automated spatial pattern analysis for identification of foot arch height from 2D foot prints
Lucas, Julien, Khalaf, Kinda, Charles, James, Leandro, Jorge JG and Jelinek, Herbert F 2018, Automated spatial pattern analysis for identification of foot arch height from 2D foot prints, Frontiers in physiology, vol. 9, pp. 1-8, doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01216.
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Automated spatial pattern analysis for identification of foot arch height from 2D foot prints
Arch height is an important determinant for the risk of foot pathology, especially in an aging population. Current methods for analyzing footprints require substantial manual processing time. The current research investigated automated determination of foot type based on features derived from the Gabor wavelet utilizing digitized footprints to allow timely assessment of foot type and focused intervention. Two hundred and eighty footprints were collected, and area, perimeter, curvature, circularity, 2nd wavelet moment, mean bending energy (MBE), and entropy were determined using in house developed MATLAB codes. The results were compared to the gold standard using Spearman's Correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression models with significance set at 0.05. The proposed approach found MBE combined with foot perimeter to give the best results as shown by ANOVA (F(2,211) = 10.18, p < 0.0001) with the mean ±SD of low, normal, and high arch being, respectively, 0.26 ± 0.025,.24 ± 0.021, and 0.23 ± 0.024. A clinical review of the new cut off values, as set by the first and the third quartiles of our sample, lead to reliability up to 87%. Our results suggest that automated wavelet-based foot type classification of 2D binary images of the plantar surface of the foot is comparable to current state-of-the-art methods providing a cost and time effective tool suitable for clinical diagnostics.
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This article was reproduced in a Frontiers Research Topic 'Nonlinearity in living systems: Theoretical and practical perspectives on metrics of physiological signal complexity' edited by Sladjana Spasic and Srdjan Kesic, May 2019 DOI:10.3389/978-2-88945-894-3
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