Capsicum annuum bioactive compounds: Health promotion perspectives

Capsicum annum L. commonly known as bell pepper exhibits proven health as well as medicinal significance. It can be consumed either in fresh or processed form and is rich source of vitamin C, provitamin A, and calcium. Array of bioactive compounds especially antioxidants in its phytochemical profile make it an ideal choice for preventing cell damage, cancer insurgence, diabetes prevalence, cardiovascular disorders, cataracts, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease. Major antioxidant compounds in capsicum are carotenoids, tocopherols, and capsaicinoids (capsacicin). Their anticancer role is attributed to their ability to act as scavengers of singlet molecular oxygen, reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxyl radicals, and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Capsaicinoids intake effectively reduced the triacyclglycerols, plasma total cholesterol (PTC), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and thereby helps in the prevention of cardiovascular ailments. It also exhibit effective and proactive contribution against age-related ailments. Capsaicin exposure expressively repressed the initial adipogenic differentiation, maturation, and lipogenesis of adipocytes. Capsaicin also has ability to target the TRPV1 receptors in the C-fibers lead to their stimulation followed by desensitization that helps to improve the neurogenic bladder. So, it may serve as a potential emerging treatment for patients who are nonrespondent to conventional therapy especially those with neurogenic bladder.