Dietary fibers in modern food production: a special perspective with β-glucans

Traditionally, dietary fibers are extracted from plant sources, but recent research showed potential advantages of dietary fibers from microbial sources. These dietary fibers may be classified either on the basis of source or solubility. The nature of these dietary fibers may vary in different sources and thus the physiological responses on the human health. For instance, insoluble dietary fiber is beneficial for better gut health, whereas soluble dietary fiber reduces cholesterol and other risk factors of cardiovascular disease to a significant level. There is strong evidence that chemistry and extraction process for these dietary fibers may affect the specific food applications and associated health implications. This chapter will focus on various types of dietary fibers that can be extracted from microbial and other sources and how it differs from conventional cereal source dietary fibers. Details on chemistry and extraction procedures will be highly useful for food processors, and researchers and may lead to new nutraceutical product development. Food product applications of microbial dietary fiber in relation to health will also be part of the discussion.