Exploring the state of solar photovoltaic decentralization in Ghana: Trends and success factors

Abstract This research explores the trends of photovoltaic (PV) decentralization in Ghana and provides an updated illuminating insight into the sector. A literature review was carried out to understand and map out the trends, risks, and success factors. Additionally, time-series analysis was used to explore the installation trends from 2013 to 2019. A one-sample t-test was used to test the significance of each of the underlying indicators. The study identifies 2015 and 2018 as the years with the highest PV installations. On regional distribution, the research identified Central (63.25%), Greater Accra (26.44%), and Upper East (3.99%) as areas with the highest cumulative rate of a PV installation, respectively. This research raises awareness on the emerging perspectives on PV investment risk decisions and success criteria in Ghana. Considerations for potential investment opportunities and the stage of PV installations are expounded. It brings to light the geographical spread of installation that will aid critical policy decisions. Findings would be invaluable in making profound changes in the state’s policy formulation around PV. The study provides a sound basis for further research, to be directed towards complementing this work by focusing on the social impacts and further engagement of end-users with solar PV.