Precision Psychiatry With Immunological and Cognitive Biomarkers: A Multi-Domain Prediction for the Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia Using Machine Learning

Precision Psychiatry is attracting increasing attention lately as a recognized priority. One of the goals of precision psychiatry is to develop tools capable of aiding a clinically informed psychiatric diagnosis objectively. Cognitive, inflammatory and immunological factors are altered in both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, however, most of these alterations do not respect diagnostic boundaries from a phenomenological perspective and possess considerable variability in different individuals with the same phenotypic diagnosis and, consequently, none so far has proven to have the ability of reliably aiding in the differential diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ). We also wanted to verify if a multi-domain approach considering both the immune blood biomarkers and the cognitive biomarkers would produce an algorithm with better diagnostic properties than one with each of these domains in isolation.