3D printing in construction: sustainable technology for building industry

Abstract The adoption of 3D printing technology in the construction sector represents a transformative approach to addressing sustainability challenges, resource inefficiencies, and environmental impacts. This study explores the multifaceted potential of 3D printing as a sustainable alternative to conventional construction practices, focusing on material efficiency, architectural flexibility, labor dynamics, and environmental sustainability. Applying the PRISMA framework, the research synthesizes interdisciplinary insights from 75 high-quality journal articles across 2013–2024, emphasizing innovations in material science, digital integration, and circular economy principles. Key findings highlight that 3D printing reduces material waste by up to 60%, enhances construction speed by 50%, and enables the utilization of eco-friendly materials such as geopolymer concrete and biodegradable polymers. Despite these advancements, barriers such as scalability, high initial costs, and regulatory inconsistencies persist. This study concludes by providing lifecycle resources flow model and actionable recommendations for policymakers, industry practitioners, and researchers to foster the integration of 3D printing in construction, including standardization efforts, lifecycle assessments, and the adoption of renewable energy in printing processes. This research positions 3D printing as a cornerstone of the sustainable construction paradigm, contributing to a resilient and eco-conscious built environment.