A time-based perspective on emotion regulation in emotional-labor performance

We extend emotional-labor research by developing a time-based theory of the effects of emotion regulation in emotional-labor performance. Drawing on Gross’s (1998a) process model, we argue that antecedentand response-focused regulatory styles can be used to make differential predictions about outcomes such as performance, health, and antisocial behavior and that these effects differ in shorter- and longer-time windows. e discuss the theoretical implications and address the strengths and imitations of our approach