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Alcohol expectancies and drinking refusal self-efficacy mediate the association of impulsivity with alcohol misuse
journal contribution
posted on 2010-08-01, 00:00 authored by M Gullo, S Dawe, Nicolas KambouropoulosNicolas Kambouropoulos, Petra StaigerPetra Staiger, C JacksonBackground: Recent work suggests that 2 biologically based traits convey risk for alcohol misuse: reward sensitivity ⁄ drive and (rash) impulsiveness. However, the cognitive mechanisms through which these traits convey risk are unclear. This study tested a model predicting that the risk conveyed by reward sensitivity is mediated by a learning bias for the reinforcing outcomes of alcohol consumption (i.e., positive alcohol expectancy). The model also proposed that the risk conveyed by rash impulsiveness (RI) is mediated by drinkers’ perceived ability to resist alcohol (i.e., drinking refusal self-efficacy).
Methods: Study 1 tested the model in a sample of young adults (n = 342). Study 2 tested the model in a sample of treatment-seeking substance abusers (n = 121). All participants completed a battery of personality, cognitive, and alcohol use questionnaires and models were tested using structural equation modeling.
Results: In both studies, the hypothesized model was found to provide a good fit to the data, and a better fit than alternative models. In both young adults and treatment-seeking individuals, positive alcohol expectancy fully mediated the association between reward sensitivity and hazardous alcohol use. For treatment seekers, drinking refusal self-efficacy fully mediated the association between RI and hazardous drinking. However, there was partial mediation in the young adult sample. Furthermore, neither trait was directly associated with the other cognitive mediator.
Conclusions: The hypothesized model was confirmed on a large sample of young adults and replicated on a sample of treatment-seeking substance abusers. Taken together, these findings shed further light on the mechanisms through which an impulsive temperament may convey risk for alcohol misuse.
Methods: Study 1 tested the model in a sample of young adults (n = 342). Study 2 tested the model in a sample of treatment-seeking substance abusers (n = 121). All participants completed a battery of personality, cognitive, and alcohol use questionnaires and models were tested using structural equation modeling.
Results: In both studies, the hypothesized model was found to provide a good fit to the data, and a better fit than alternative models. In both young adults and treatment-seeking individuals, positive alcohol expectancy fully mediated the association between reward sensitivity and hazardous alcohol use. For treatment seekers, drinking refusal self-efficacy fully mediated the association between RI and hazardous drinking. However, there was partial mediation in the young adult sample. Furthermore, neither trait was directly associated with the other cognitive mediator.
Conclusions: The hypothesized model was confirmed on a large sample of young adults and replicated on a sample of treatment-seeking substance abusers. Taken together, these findings shed further light on the mechanisms through which an impulsive temperament may convey risk for alcohol misuse.
History
Journal
Alcoholism : clinical and experimental researchVolume
34Issue
8Pagination
1386 - 1399Publisher
Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.Location
Hoboken, N.J.Publisher DOI
ISSN
0145-6008eISSN
1530-0277Language
engNotes
Article first published online: 14 MAY 2010Publication classification
C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalCopyright notice
2010, by the Research Society on Alcoholism.Usage metrics
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ImpulsivityAlcohol ExpectancyDrinking Refusal Self-EfficacyAlcoholRewardScience & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicineSubstance AbuseCONFIRMATORY FACTOR-ANALYSISIDENTIFICATION TEST AUDITSUBSTANCE USERELIABILITY GENERALIZATIONPSYCHOLOGICAL-RESEARCHINDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCESREWARD QUESTIONNAIREPERSONALITY-TRAITSFAMILY-HISTORYWORKING-MEMORY
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