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Association of anthropometry and weight change with risk of dementia and its major subtypes: A meta-analysis consisting 2.8 million adults with 57 294 cases of dementia

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Version 1 2020-01-31, 14:42
journal contribution
posted on 2024-06-15, 08:04 authored by CMY Lee, M Woodward, GD Batty, AS Beiser, S Bell, C Berr, E Bjertness, J Chalmers, R Clarke, JF Dartigues, K Davis-Plourde, S Debette, E Di Angelantonio, C Feart, R Frikke-Schmidt, J Gregson, MN Haan, LB Hassing, KM Hayden, MP Hoevenaar-Blom, J Kaprio, M Kivimaki, G Lappas, EB Larson, ES LeBlanc, A Lee, LY Lui, EP Moll van Charante, T Ninomiya, LT Nordestgaard, T Ohara, T Ohkuma, T Palviainen, K Peres, R Peters, N Qizilbash, E Richard, A Rosengren, S Seshadri, M Shipley, A Singh-Manoux, BH Strand, WA van Gool, E Vuoksimaa, K Yaffe, Rachel HuxleyRachel Huxley
Uncertainty exists regarding the relation of body size and weight change with dementia risk. As populations continue to age and the global obesity epidemic shows no sign of waning, reliable quantification of such associations is important. We examined the relationship of body mass index, waist circumference, and annual percent weight change with risk of dementia and its subtypes by pooling data from 19 prospective cohort studies and four clinical trials using meta‐analysis. Compared with body mass index–defined lower‐normal weight (18.5‐22.4 kg/m2), the risk of all‐cause dementia was higher among underweight individuals but lower among those with upper‐normal (22.5‐24.9 kg/m2) levels. Obesity was associated with higher risk in vascular dementia. Similarly, relative to the lowest fifth of waist circumference, those in the highest fifth had nonsignificant higher vascular dementia risk. Weight loss was associated with higher all‐cause dementia risk relative to weight maintenance. Weight gain was weakly associated with higher vascular dementia risk. The relationship between body size, weight change, and dementia is complex and exhibits non‐linear associations depending on dementia subtype under scrutiny. Weight loss was associated with an elevated risk most likely due to reverse causality and/or pathophysiological changes in the brain, although the latter remains speculative.

History

Journal

Obesity Reviews

Volume

21

Article number

e12989

Pagination

1 - 14

Location

England

Open access

  • Yes

ISSN

1467-7881

eISSN

1467-789X

Language

English

Publication classification

C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journal

Copyright notice

2020, The Authors

Issue

4

Publisher

WILEY

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