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Associations between Dietary Patterns and Malnutrition, Low Muscle Mass and Sarcopenia in Adults with Cancer: A Scoping Review

journal contribution
posted on 2022-01-01, 00:00 authored by Annie R Curtis, Katherine LivingstoneKatherine Livingstone, Robin DalyRobin Daly, Laura E Marchese, Nicole KissNicole Kiss
Dietary patterns examine the combinations, types and quantities of foods consumed in the diet. Compared to individual nutrients, dietary patterns may be better associated with cancer-related malnutrition, low muscle mass and sarcopenia. This scoping review identified associations between dietary patterns, assessed using data-driven methods (i.e., statistical methods used to derive existing dietary patterns) and hypothesis-orientated methods (i.e., adherence to diet quality indices), and malnutrition, low muscle (lean) mass and sarcopenia. MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL databases were searched up to September 2021. Of the 3341 studies identified, seven studies were eligible for review. Study designs included experimental (n = 5) and observational (n = 2), and people with prostate, ovarian and endometrial, bladder, breast, and gastrointestinal cancers. One study used data-driven methods to derive dietary patterns, finding adherence to a ‘fat and fish’ diet was associated with lower odds of low muscle mass. Two studies examined adherence to hypothesis-orientated methods including the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener and Healthy Eating Index 2010 and four studies used ‘non-traditional’ approaches to analyse dietary patterns. Hypothesis-orientated dietary patterns, developed to improve general health and prevent chronic disease, and ‘non-traditional’ dietary patterns demonstrated inconsistent effects on muscle (lean) mass. All studies investigated muscle (lean) mass, omitting malnutrition and sarcopenia as cancer-related outcomes. This scoping review highlights the limited research examining the effect of dietary patterns on cancer-related outcomes.

History

Journal

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Volume

19

Issue

3

Article number

1769

Pagination

1 - 17

Publisher

MDPI / MDPI AG (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

Location

Basel, Switzerland

eISSN

1660-4601

Language

eng

Publication classification

C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journal