File(s) under permanent embargo
Cardiorespiratory performance and blood chemistry during swimming and recovery in three populations of elite swimmers: adult sockeye salmon
journal contribution
posted on 2013-10-01, 00:00 authored by E J Eliason, Timothy ClarkTimothy Clark, S G Hinch, A P FarrellEvery year, millions of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) perform an arduous, once-in-a-lifetime migration up the Fraser River (BC, Canada) to return to their natal stream to spawn. The changes in heart rate, stroke volume, and arterio-venous oxygen extraction (i.e., factors determining rates of oxygen delivery to the tissues by the cardiovascular system) have never been directly and simultaneously measured along with whole animal oxygen uptake in a maximally swimming fish. Here, such measurements were made using three sockeye salmon populations (Early Stuart, Chilko and Quesnel), which each performed two consecutive critical swimming speed (Ucrit) challenges to provide a comprehensive quantification of cardiovascular physiology, oxygen status and blood chemistry associated with swimming and recovery. Swim performance, oxygen uptake, cardiac output, heart rate and stroke volume did not significantly vary at rest, during swimming or during recovery between populations or sexes. Despite incomplete metabolic recovery between swim challenges, all fish repeated their swim performance and similar quantitative changes in the cardiorespiratory variables were observed for each swim challenge. The high maximum cardiorespiratory performance and excellent repeat swim performance are clearly beneficial in allowing the salmon to maintain steady ground speeds and reach the distant spawning grounds in a timely manner.
History
Journal
Comparative biochemistry and physiology part A: molecular & integrative physiologyVolume
166Issue
2Pagination
385 - 397Publisher
ElsevierLocation
Amsterdam, The NetherlandsPublisher DOI
eISSN
1531-4332Language
engPublication classification
C Journal article; C1.1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalCopyright notice
2013, ElsevierUsage metrics
Categories
Keywords
A-V(O2)Aerobic scopeBlood gasesC(aO2)C(vO2)COTCOT(net)COT-V̇(b)COT-V̇(bnet)Cardiac outputEPOCHctHeart rateLactateMCHCMigrationOxygen consumptionP(aO2)P(vO2)Plasma ionsRRT(aO2)T(opt)T(vO2)U(crit)V(s)V̇(b)[Hb]arterial blood oxygen contentarterial blood oxygen transport (T(aO2)=V̇(b)×C(aO2))arterial blood partial pressure of oxygencardiovascular cost of transport (COT-V̇(b)=V̇(b)\/(U×60))cost of transport (COT=ṀO(2)\/(U×60))critical swimming speedexcess post-exercise oxygen uptakef(H)haematocrithaemoglobin concentrationmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC=[Hb]\/(Hct\/100))net cardiovascular cost of transport (COT-V̇(bnet)=(V̇(b)−V̇(brest))\/(U×60))net cost of transport (COT(net)=(ṀO(2)−ṀO(2rest))\/(U×60))optimal temperature for aerobic scoperate of oxygen uptakerecovery ratio for consecutive swim challenges (RR=U(crit) 2÷U(crit) 1)stroke volume (V(s)=V̇(b)÷f(H))tissue oxygen extraction (A-V(O2)=C(aO2)−C(vO2))venous blood oxygen contentvenous blood oxygen transport (T(vO2)=V̇(b)×C(vO2))venous blood partial pressure of oxygenṀO(2)Animal MigrationAnimalsCanadaFemaleLactic AcidMaleOxygenPhysical ExertionPhysical FitnessSalmonStroke VolumeSwimmingScience & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicineBiochemistry & Molecular BiologyPhysiologyZoologyPOSTEXERCISE OXYGEN-CONSUMPTIONONCORHYNCHUS-NERKARAINBOW-TROUTCARDIAC-OUTPUTHEART-RATEEXHAUSTIVE EXERCISEMETABOLIC-RATESYELLOWFIN TUNAPACIFIC SALMONK+ LEVELS