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Characterizing pollutant emissions from mosquito repellents incenses and implications in risk assessment of human health
journal contribution
posted on 2018-01-01, 00:00 authored by Lina Wang, Xinran Zheng, Svetlana StevanovicSvetlana Stevanovic, Zhiyuan Xiang, Jing Liu, Huiwen Shi, Mingzhou Yu, Chun ZhuMosquito-repellent incense is one of the most popular products used for dispelling mosquitos during summer in China. It releases large amounts of particulate and gaseous pollutants which constitute a potential hazard to human health. We conducted chamber experiment to characterize major pollutants from three types of mosquito-repellent incenses, further assessed the size-fractionated deposition in human respiratory system, and evaluated the indoor removing efficiency by fresh air. Results showed that the released pollutant concentrations were greater than permissible levels in regulations in GB3095-2012, as well as suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). Formaldehyde accounted for 10-20% of the total amount of pollutants. Fine particles dominated in the total particulate concentrations. Geometric standard deviation (GSD) of particle number size distributions was in the range of 1.45-1.93. Count median diameter (CMD) ranged from 100 to 500 nm. Emission rates, burning rates and emission factors of both particulate and gaseous pollutants were compared and discussed. The deposition fractions in pulmonary airway from the disc solid types reached up to 52.7% of the total deposition, and the largest deposition appeared on juvenile group. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modellings indicated air-conditioner on and windows closed was the worst case. The highest concentration was 180-200 times over the standard limit.
History
Journal
ChemosphereVolume
191Pagination
962 - 970Publisher
ElsevierLocation
Amsterdam, The NetherlandsPublisher DOI
eISSN
1879-1298Language
engPublication classification
C Journal article; C1.1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalCopyright notice
2017, Elsevier Ltd.Usage metrics
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Emission factorsEmission ratesHealth exposureMosquito-repellent incenseParticulate and gaseous pollutantAir PollutantsAir Pollution, IndoorAnimalsChinaCulicidaeFormaldehydeHumansInsect RepellentsParticle SizeParticulate MatterRisk AssessmentScience & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicineEnvironmental SciencesEnvironmental Sciences & EcologyULTRAFINE PARTICLESPARTICULATECANDLESCOOKINGCOILSMODELGAS
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