Cross-sectional associations between fruit and vegetable intake and successful ageing across 6 countries: findings from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE)

ABSTRACT Objective: This study develops successful ageing profiles across six low and middle-income countries (LMICs) and examines associations with fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake. Design: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in mid-aged and older adults from the WHO Study of Global Ageing. Participants without chronic disease, cognitive impairment, depression or disability and with good physical, cardiovascular and respiratory function were considered to have successfully aged. Associations between F&V intake (serves/day) and successful ageing were examined using log-binomial regression adjusting for key confounders. Setting: China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa. Participants: A total of 28785 men and women aged aged 50 years and over. Results: Successful ageing ranged from 4% in Mexico to 15% in China. After adjustment, only Ghana showed an association between fruit intake and successful ageing, with an inverse association identified (Prevalence Ratio [PR]=0.87, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.78-0.98). An inverse association between vegetable intake and successful ageing was found in China (0.97, 0.95-0.98) but no other country. An inverse association was shown for both China (0.98, 0.96-0.99) and Ghana (0.92, 0.84-1.00) when considering fruit and vegetables combined. Conclusions: Associations between F&V intake and successful ageing are inconsistent. Further studies on LMIC countries are needed to meet the challenges of the ageing population.