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Effect of vitamin D supplementation on depression in older Australian adults
journal contribution
posted on 2023-03-06, 04:24 authored by ST Rahman, M Waterhouse, BD Romero, C Baxter, DR English, OP Almeida, Michael BerkMichael Berk, PR Ebeling, BK Armstrong, DSA McLeod, G Hartel, RL O’Connell, H Pham, JG Scott, JC van der Pols, AJ Venn, PM Webb, DC Whiteman, RE NealeObjectives: To investigate whether vitamin D supplementation reduces depressive symptoms and incidence of antidepressant use. Methods: We used data from the D-Health Trial (N = 21,315), a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of monthly vitamin D3 for the prevention of all-cause mortality. Participants were Australians aged 60–84 years. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ–9) at 1, 2 and 5 years after randomization to measure depressive symptoms; national prescribing records were used to capture antidepressant use. We used mixed models and survival models. Results: Analyses of PHQ-9 scores included 20,487 participants (mean age 69·3 years, 46% women); the mean difference (MD) in PHQ-9 score (vitamin D vs. placebo) was 0·02 (95% CI −0·06, 0·11). There was negligible difference in the prevalence of clinically relevant depression (PHQ-9 score ≥10) (odds ratio 0·99; 95% CI 0·90, 1·08). We included 16,670 participants in the analyses of incident antidepressant use (mean age 69·4 years, 43% women). Incidence of antidepressant use was similar between the groups (hazard ratio [HR] 1·04; 95% CI 0·96, 1·12). In subgroup analyses, vitamin D improved PHQ-9 scores in those taking antidepressants at baseline (MD −0·25; 95% CI −0·49, −0·01; p-interaction = 0·02). It decreased risk of antidepressant use in participants with predicted 25(OH)D concentration <50 nmol/L (HR 0·88; 95% CI 0·75, 1·02; p-interaction = 0·01) and increased risk in those with predicted 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L (HR 1·10; 95% CI 1·01, 1·20). Conclusion: Monthly supplementation with high-dose vitamin D3 was not of benefit for measures of depression overall, but there was some evidence of benefit in subgroup analyses. Clinical Trial Registration: The trial is registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12613000743763. https://www.anzctr.org.au/.
History
Journal
International Journal of Geriatric PsychiatryVolume
38Pagination
e5847-Location
EnglandPublisher DOI
ISSN
0885-6230eISSN
1099-1166Language
enIssue
1Publisher
WileyUsage metrics
Keywords
PHQ-9antidepressantsdepressionmental disorderspreventionrandomized controlled trialvitamin D supplementationClinical Trials and Supportive ActivitiesDepressionNutritionClinical ResearchMental HealthComplementary and Integrative Health6.1 Pharmaceuticals6 Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions3.3 Nutrition and chemoprevention3 Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being3 Good Health and Well BeingCognitive SciencesClinical Sciences not elsewhere classifiedPsychology not elsewhere classified
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