Effects of a Multi-component, Resistance-Based Exercise Program Combined with Additional Lean Red Meat on Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults: Secondary Analysis of a 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Objectives To assess whether consumption of lean red meat on three exercise training days per week can promote greater improvements than exercise alone in health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in community-dwelling older adults. Design This study is a secondary analysis from a 6 month, two-arm, parallel randomized controlled trial conducted in 2014 and 2015. Setting Community-dwelling older adults living in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Participants One hundred and fifty-four men and women aged ≥65 years. Intervention All participants were enrolled in a multi-component, resistance-based exercise program (3 d/week) and randomly allocated to either a group asked to consume lean red meat (2x80g cooked servings/day) on each of the three training days (Ex+Meat, n=77) or a control group asked to consume one serving of carbohydrates (1/2 cup rice/pasta or 1 medium potato; Ex+C, n=77). Measurements HR-QoL was assessed using the Short-Form (SF)-36 health survey. Results Overall 62% of the participants were female, the mean age was 70.7 years (range 65 to 84 years), approximately 67% of participants were classified as either overweight or obese, and the average number of chronic conditions was two. A total of 145 participants (94%) completed the study. Mean baseline HR-QoL scores were comparable to the mean for the Australian population [Global HR-QoL (mean ± SD): Ex+Meat, 49.99 ± 6.57; Ex+C, 50.49 ± 5.27]. General Linear Mixed Models examining within and between group changes over time revealed that after 6 months, there were no within-group changes in either Ex+Meat or Ex+C nor any between-group differences for any measure of HR-QoL, with the exception that the mental health subscale improved in Ex+C versus Ex+Meat [net difference for change, −2.32 (95% CI), −4.73, 0.09, P=0.048] after adjusting for relevant covariates and the physical function subscale improved in Ex+Meat relative to baseline [mean change (95% CI), 1.88 (0.37, 3.39), P=0.011]. Conclusion A multi-component resistance-based training program performed with and without the provision of lean red meat in line with current Australian dietary guidelines on each of the three training days, did not improve HR-QoL in healthy community-dwelling older adults.