Empirical assessment of patient-reported outcomes and exemplary introduction to health-related quality of life

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) acquires increased importance as a target parameter for different stakeholders in healthcare, e. g. to assess treatment outcome in chronically ill patients. In this educational article, we explain the levels of the health-related quality of life construct and associated main dimensions including physical, mental and social health. State-of-the-art approaches for assessment of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are introduced on the basis of the HRQoL model. Furthermore, modern test-theoretical approaches and their applications are presented, which are aimed at standardizing and improving the assessment of PROs (e. g., computer-adaptive testing). Finally, we present 2 major international PRO initiatives (PROMIS ® and EORTC Quality of Life Group) that have been influential in advancing the assessment of patient outcomes over the last few years.