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Endocrine and substrate control of fetal growth: placental and maternal influences and insulin-like growth factors

journal contribution
posted on 1991-01-01, 00:00 authored by Julie OwensJulie Owens
Fetal growth is largely controlled by the interaction of the genome with the availability of oxygen and glucose and by endocrine responses to variations in their supply. Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), and probably IGF-I, modulate fetal growth. Insulin and thyroid hormones are controlled by the supply of glucose and oxygen, respectively, and they influence fetal growth, partly via IGF-I. Circulating IGF-I and -II are controlled acutely and chronically by glucose availability to the fetus. The transfer of substrates from the mother to the fetus is determined by placental transfer capacity and by placental utilization of those substrates. The fetus controls the latter via its blood concentrations of oxygen and glucose and possibly IGF-I. In the mother, placental hormones and proteins, such as progesterone, placental lactogen, placental growth hormone and proteases, increase circulating IGFs and alter the stability and concentrations of IGF binding proteins. These changes may direct the metabolic and growth adaptation of the mother to pregnancy, which ensures an adequate flow of substrates to the developing fetus.

History

Journal

Reproduction, fertility and development

Volume

3

Pagination

501-517

Location

Clayton, Vic.

ISSN

1031-3613

Language

eng

Notes

Presented as a state-of-the-art lecture at the 22nd Annual Conference of the Australian Society for Reproductive Biology, Perth, September 1990.

Publication classification

C1.1 Refereed article in a scholarly journal

Copyright notice

1991, CSIRO

Issue

5

Publisher

CSIRO Publishing

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