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Endogenous glucose production after sequential meals in humans: Evidence for more prolonged suppression after ingestion of a second meal

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posted on 2018-11-01, 00:00 authored by Teddy Ang, Greg KowalskiGreg Kowalski, Clinton BruceClinton Bruce
Single meal studies have shown that carbohydrate ingestion causes rapid and persistent suppression of endogenous glucose production (EGP). However, little is known about the regulation of EGP under real-life eating patterns where multiple carbohydrate-containing meals are consumed throughout the day. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the regulation of EGP in response to sequential meals, specifically during the breakfast-lunch transition. Nine healthy individuals (5 males, 4 females; 32 ± 2 years; 25.0 ± 1.4 kg/m2) ingested two identical mixed meals, each containing 25 g of glucose, separated by 4 h and EGP was determined using the variable infusion tracer-clamp approach. EGP was rapidly suppressed after both meals, with the pattern and magnitude of suppression being similar over the initial 75 min post-meal period. However, EGP suppression was more transient after breakfast compared to lunch, with EGP returning to basal rates 3 h after breakfast. In contrast, EGP remained in a suppressed state for the entire 4 h post-lunch period. This occurred despite each meal eliciting similar plasma glucose and insulin responses. However, there was greater suppression of plasma glucagon levels after lunch, likely contributing to this response. These findings highlight the potential for distinct regulation of EGP with each meal of the day and suggest that EGP may be in a suppressed state for much of the day, since EGP did not return to basal rates even after a lunch meal containing a modest amount of carbohydrate.

History

Journal

American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism

Volume

315

Issue

5

Pagination

E904 - E911

Publisher

American Physiological Society

Location

Bethesda, Md.

ISSN

0193-1849

eISSN

1522-1555

Language

eng

Publication classification

C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journal

Copyright notice

2018, the American Physiological Society