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Download fileEstablishing reference values for central blood pressure and its amplification in a general healthy population and according to cardiovascular risk factors
journal contribution
posted on 2014-01-01, 00:00 authored by A Herbert, J K Cruickshank, S Laurent, P Boutouyrie, Helen MacphersonHelen MacphersonAIMS: Estimated central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) and amplification (Brachial SBP-cSBP) are non-invasive measures potentially prognostic of cardiovascular (CV) disease. No worldwide, multiple-device reference values are available. We aimed to establish reference values for a worldwide general population standardizing between the different available methods of measurement. How these values were significantly altered by cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) was then investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Existing data from population surveys and clinical trials were combined, whether published or not. Reference values of cSBP and amplification were calculated as percentiles for 'Normal' (no CVRFs) and 'Reference' (any CVRFs) populations. We included 45,436 subjects out of 82,930 that were gathered from 77 studies of 53 centres. Included subjects were apparently healthy, not treated for hypertension or dyslipidaemia, and free from overt CV disease and diabetes. Values of cSBP and amplification were stratified by brachial blood pressure categories and age decade in turn, both being stratified by sex. Amplification decreased with age and more so in males than in females. Sex was the most powerful factor associated with amplification with 6.6 mmHg (5.8-7.4) higher amplification in males than in females. Amplification was marginally but significantly influenced by CVRFs, with smoking and dyslipidaemia decreasing amplification, but increased with increasing levels of blood glucose. CONCLUSION: Typical values of cSBP and amplification in a healthy population and a population free of traditional CVRFs are now available according to age, sex, and brachial BP, providing values included from different devices with a wide geographical representation. Amplification is significantly influenced by CVRFs, but differently in men and women.
History
Journal
European heart journalVolume
35Issue
44Pagination
3122 - 3133Publisher
Oxford University PressLocation
Oxford, Eng.Publisher DOI
eISSN
1522-9645Language
engPublication classification
C Journal article; C1.1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalCopyright notice
2014, The AuthorUsage metrics
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Categories
Keywords
AdultAgedAortaArteriesArteriosclerosisBlood pressureCentral pressureHumansPulseAge DistributionBlood Pressure DeterminationCardiovascular DiseasesFemaleHealthy VolunteersMaleMiddle AgedReference ValuesRisk FactorsSex DistributionSystoleYoung AdultScience & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicineCardiac & Cardiovascular SystemsCardiovascular System & CardiologyISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSIONCENTRAL AORTIC PRESSUREARTERIAL WAVE REFLECTIONSPULSE PRESSURENONINVASIVE ASSESSMENTAPPLANATION TONOMETRYCENTRAL HEMODYNAMICSSPHYGMOCOR DEVICEUPPER-LIMBSTIFFNESSReference Values for Arterial Measurements Collaboration