Exploring the internationalization strategies of Turkish multinationals: A multi-perspective analysis

Drawing on a multi-perspective framework integrating the dynamic capabilities view, the resource-based view, and the industry-based view, we study the internationalization process of emerging country multinational enterprises (EC MNEs). A multiple-case study research method was adopted to explore the internationalization strategies of a set of EC MNEs from Turkey with a specific focus on the enabling role of dynamic capabilities (i.e., sensing, seizing, reconfiguring) in their international expansion. The findings identify four non-mutually exclusive internationalization strategies (infiltration, catch-up, extender, and challenger), representing trajectories that EC MNEs pursue to expand their foreign operations. We contribute to research on the internationalization of EC MNEs by illustrating and comparing the variations in respect to their strategic behaviors.