Fast Frequency Response Reserve Planning for Power Systems Considering Homogeneous Extreme Risks

To deal with the risk of frequency instability in the low-carbon emission power system, the fast frequency response reserve (FFRR) should be separately classified and rationally planned to ensure the reliability of the system. In FFRR planning, the frequency nadir under disturbances should be calculated quickly due to massive calculation in the probabilistic production simulation (PPS) to analyze the severity of disturbances. A set of corresponding analysis strategies need to be formulated due to the difficulty in accurately determining the loss of extreme events. In light of this, in this study, an analytical model of FFRR economics considering risk preference is proposed to evaluate the risk of rare and extreme events. The system operation state model is established based on the sequential Monte Carlo method, and the contingency set is sent into the proposed system frequency analytical model to obtain the frequency nadir. Considering the risk preference, a FFRR optimization planning and configuration method is proposed, in which the losses of extreme events can be appropriately accounted by considering the homogeneous extreme events separately. The risk preference essentially incorporates the operating experience into the calculation process, to avoid the homogenization of low-probability extreme events and improve the feasibility of the planning scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed FFRR planning and configuration scheme can avoid homogenizing small-probability extreme events, and the amount of FFRR demand is significantly increased when the operator concentrates on lower probability with high risk of extreme events.