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Framingham risk prediction equations for incidence of cardiovascular disease using detailed measures for smoking

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journal contribution
posted on 2010-09-16, 00:00 authored by H Mannan, Christopher StevensonChristopher Stevenson, Anna PeetersAnna Peeters, H Walls, J McNeil
Current prediction models for risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence incorporate smoking as a dichotomous yes/no measure. However, the risk of CVD associated with smoking also varies with the intensity and duration of smoking and there is a strong association between time since quitting and the risk of disease onset. This study aims to develop improved risk prediction equations for CVD incidence incorporating intensity and duration of smoking and time since quitting. The risk of developing a first CVD event was evaluated using a Cox’s model for participants in the Framingham offspring cohort who attended the fourth examination (1988–92) between the ages of 30 and 74 years and were free of CVD (n=3751). The full models based on the smoking variables and other risk factors, and reduced models based on the smoking variables and non-laboratory risk factors demonstrated good discrimination, calibration and global fit. The incorporation of both time since quitting among past smokers and pack-years among current smokers resulted in better predictive performance as compared to a dichotomous current/non-smoker measure and a current/quitter/never smoker measure. Compared to never smokers, the risk of CVD incidence increased with pack-years. Risk among those quitting more than five years prior to the baseline exam and within five years prior to the baseline exam were similar and twice as high as that of never smokers. A CVD risk equation incorporating the effects of pack-years and time since quitting provides an improved tool to quantify risk and guide preventive care.

History

Journal

Heart international

Volume

5

Issue

2

Pagination

49 - 57

Publisher

PagePress

Location

Pavia, Italy

ISSN

1826-1868

eISSN

2036-2579

Language

eng

Publication classification

C1.1 Refereed article in a scholarly journal

Copyright notice

2010, H. Mannan et al.