How use rubrics for enhancing real formative assessment?

A rubric is an assessment tool that allows the teacher to communicate the expectations about a task to students. Accordingly, the students can plan their work and assess the progress properly. However, only a use from a formative perspective guarantees learning enhancement and performance (E Panadero & Jonsson, 2013). While rubrics have become very popular over the past few years, they are commonly used as a grading tool (Andrade & Valtcheva, 2009). Assessment has a key role in teaching and learning process considering formative assessment perspective and the guidelines of the Bologna Process (López-Pastor, 2009). In this paper, key elements of design and use are stated to develop self-regulation, self-efficacy, learning and academic performance. In addition, guidelines for grading in a formative way are set out. Below, the steps relevant for enhancing real formative assessment and important dilemmas about it are mentioned. Consequently, rubrics can align instruction, assessment and grading.