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In vivo prion models and the disconnection between transmissibility and neurotoxicity
journal contribution
posted on 2017-07-01, 00:00 authored by M Senesi, V Lewis, Jee Hyun KimJee Hyun Kim, P A Adlard, D I Finkelstein, S J CollinsThe primary causative event in the development of prion diseases is the misfolding of the normal prion protein (PrPC) into an ensemble of altered conformers (herein collectively denoted as PrPSc) that accumulate in the brain. Prominent amongst currently unresolved key aspects underpinning prion disease pathogenesis is whether transmission and toxicity are sub-served by different molecular species of PrPSc, which may directly impact on the development of effective targeted treatments. The use of murine models of prion disease has been of fundamental importance for probing the relationship between hypothesised “neurotoxic” and “transmissible” PrPSc and the associated kinetic profiles of their production during disease evolution, but unfortunately consensus has not been achieved. Recent in vivo studies have led to formulation of the “two-phase” hypothesis, which postulates that there is first an exponential increase in transmitting PrPSc species followed by an abrupt transition to propagation of neurotoxic PrPSc species. Such observations however, appear inconsistent with previous in vivo murine studies employing detailed time-course behavioural testing, wherein evidence of neurotoxicity could be detected early in disease progression. This review analyses the contributions of in vivo murine models attempting to provide insights into the relationship between transmitting and neurotoxic PrPSc species and explores possible refinements to the “two-phase hypothesis”, that better accommodate the available historical and recent evidence.
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Journal
Ageing Research ReviewsVolume
36Pagination
156 - 164Publisher
ElsevierLocation
Amsterdam, The NetherlandsPublisher DOI
ISSN
1568-1637eISSN
1872-9649Language
engPublication classification
C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalUsage metrics
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