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Managing conflict between large carnivores and livestock
journal contribution
posted on 2018-02-01, 00:00 authored by L M van Eeden, M S Crowther, C R Dickman, D W Macdonald, W J Ripple, Euan RitchieEuan Ritchie, Thomas NewsomeLarge carnivores are persecuted globally because they threaten human industries and livelihoods. How this conflict is managed has consequences for the conservation of large carnivores and biodiversity more broadly. Mitigating human-predator conflict should be evidence-based and accommodate people's values while protecting carnivores. Despite much research into human and large-carnivore coexistence strategies, there have been few attempts to document the success of conflict-mitigation strategies on a global scale. We conducted a meta-analysis of global research on conflict mitigation related to large carnivores and humans. We focused on conflicts that arise from the threat large carnivores pose to livestock. We first used structured and unstructured searching to identify replicated studies that used before-after or control-impact design to measure change in livestock loss as a result of implementing a management intervention. We then extracted relevant data from these studies to calculate an overall effect size for each intervention type. Research effort and focus varied among continents and aligned with the histories and cultures that shaped livestock production and attitudes toward carnivores. Livestock guardian animals most effectively reduced livestock losses. Lethal control was the second most effective control, although its success varied the most, and guardian animals and lethal control did not differ significantly. Financial incentives have promoted tolerance of large carnivores in some settings and reduced retaliatory killings. We suggest coexistence strategies be location-specific, incorporate cultural values and environmental conditions, and be designed such that return on financial investment can be evaluated. Improved monitoring of mitigation measures is urgently required to promote effective evidence-based policy.
History
Journal
Conservation biologyVolume
32Issue
1Pagination
26 - 34Publisher
Wiley-BlackwellLocation
Chichester, Eng.Publisher DOI
eISSN
1523-1739Language
engPublication classification
C Journal article; C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalCopyright notice
2017, Society for Conservation BiologyUsage metrics
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No categories selectedKeywords
animales guardianes del ganadocarnivorecarnívoroconflicto humano - faunacontrol letaldepredadorhuman-wildlife conflictlethal controllivestock guardian animalsmanejo no-letalnonlethal managementpredatorScience & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicineBiodiversity ConservationEcologyEnvironmental SciencesBiodiversity & ConservationEnvironmental Sciences & EcologyWOLF-DEPREDATIONCONSERVATIONIMPACTSPREDATORS
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