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Metabolites derived from fungi and bacteria suppress in vitro growth of Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi, a major threat to the global chestnut industry
journal contribution
posted on 2023-02-01, 22:49 authored by M Silva-Campos, DL Callahan, DM CahillIntroduction: Chestnut rot caused by the fungus Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi is a disease present in the world’s major chestnut growing regions. The disease is considered a significant threat to the global production of nuts from the sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa). Conventional fungicides provide some control, but little is known about the potential of biological control agents (BCAs) as alternatives to manage the disease. Objective: Evaluate whether formulated BCAs and their secreted metabolites inhibit the in vitro growth of G. smithogilvyi. Methods: The antifungal potential of BCAs was assessed against the pathogen through an inverted plate assay for volatile compounds (VOCs), a diffusion assay for non-volatile compounds (nVOCs) and in dual culture. Methanolic extracts of nVOCs from the solid medium were further evaluated for their effect on conidia germination and were screened through an LC–MS-based approach for antifungal metabolites. Results: Isolates of Trichoderma spp., derived from the BCAs, significantly suppressed the pathogen through the production of VOCs and nVOCs. The BCA from which Bacillus subtilis was isolated was more effective in growth inhibition through the production of nVOCs. The LC–MS based metabolomics on the nVOCs derived from the BCAs showed the presence of several antifungal compounds. Conclusion: The results show that G. smithogilvyi can be effectively controlled by the BCAs tested and that their use may provide a more ecological alternative for managing chestnut rot. The in vitro analysis should now be expanded to the field to assess the effectiveness of these alternatives for chestnut rot management.
History
Journal
MetabolomicsVolume
18Article number
ARTN 74Location
United StatesPublisher DOI
ISSN
1573-3882eISSN
1573-3890Language
EnglishPublication classification
C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalIssue
9Publisher
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Keywords
Science & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicineEndocrinology & MetabolismGnomoniopsis smithogilvyiBiological controlnVOCsVOCsTrichoderma sppBacillus subtilisANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITYPSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDATRICHODERMALIPOPEPTIDESSUBSTANCEAPOPTOSISPATHOGENBIOFILMCANKERROTSchool of Life and Environmental SciencesFaculty of Science Engineering and Built EnvironmentAnalytical Chemistry not elsewhere classifiedClinical Sciences not elsewhere classifiedBiochemistry and Cell Biology not elsewhere classified
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