Methods for quantifying the social and economic value of sport and active recreation: a critical review

© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. We conducted a critical review of methods for assessing value creation through investment in sport and active recreation. Value areas theorized included: physical, mental, economic and community. Harm areas included: physical/mental health, individual economic cost, detrimental sponsorship/marketing exposure and anti-social behavior. A search term matrix was applied to: PubMED, OVID, SCOPUS, Science Direct and grey literature databases. Our literature search yielded 6,788 potentially relevant articles. We retained 28 peer-reviewed articles and 25 grey literature reports after screening. Results were separated into sub-population methods (single/specific aspects of sport and active recreation), and population-level methods (impact at the regional/national level). Subpopulation methods included Cost/Benefit Analysis [CBA], Financial Accounting [FA] and Tourism Models [TM]. Population methods included Sport Satellite Accounts [SSA], Input-Output Tables [I-O], Estimating Market Valuation [EMV], Computable General Equilibrium Modelling [CGE], Surveillance augmented value estimation [SAVE], Health modelling [HM] and Social Return on Investment Modelling [SROI].