Nanomolar detection of iodide in aqueous medium using organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles: application in urine analysis

Imine-linked pyridine-coupled (ILPC) receptors have been synthesised and characterised. The absorption and fluorescence properties of these receptors have been explored through a combination of experimental and theoretical studies. The ILPC receptors are processed into organic nanoparticles (ONPs) and then decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the selective recognition of iodide. The selective recognition behaviour is authenticated with the changes in fluorescence spectra, low detection limit (1.4 nm) and no interference in aqueous systems. The present investigation represents the first example of nanomolar detection of iodide in aqueous medium using organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles (ONPs–AuNPs). The probe has been utilised successfully for the detection of iodide content in urine samples.