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Novel Human Parechovirus 3 Diversity, Recombination, and Clinical Impact Across 7 Years: An Australian Story
journal contribution
posted on 2023-02-20, 05:17 authored by S Bialasiewicz, M May, S Tozer, R Day, A Bernard, J Zaugg, K Gartrell, Soren AlexandersenSoren Alexandersen, A Chamings, CYT Wang, J Clark, K Grimwood, C Heney, LJ Schlapbach, RS Ware, D Speers, RM Andrews, S LambertBACKGROUND: A novel human parechovirus 3 Australian recombinant (HPeV3-AR) strain emerged in 2013 and coincided with biennial outbreaks of sepsis-like illnesses in infants. We evaluated the molecular evolution of the HPeV3-AR strain and its association with severe HPeV infections. METHODS: HPeV3-positive samples collected from hospitalized infants aged 5-252 days in 2 Australian states (2013-2020) and from a community-based birth cohort (2010-2014) were sequenced. Coding regions were used to conduct phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses. A recombinant-specific polymerase chain reaction was designed and utilized to screen all clinical and community HPeV3-positive samples. RESULTS: Complete coding regions of 54 cases were obtained, which showed the HPeV3-AR strain progressively evolving, particularly in the 3' end of the nonstructural genes. The HPeV3-AR strain was not detected in the community birth cohort until the initial outbreak in late 2013. High-throughput screening showed that most (>75%) hospitalized HPeV3 cases involved the AR strain in the first 3 clinical outbreaks, with declining prevalence in the 2019-2020 season. The AR strain was not statistically associated with increased clinical severity among hospitalized infants. CONCLUSIONS: HPeV3-AR was the dominant strain during the study period. Increased hospital admissions may have been from a temporary fitness advantage and/or increased virulence.
History
Journal
The Journal of infectious diseasesVolume
227Pagination
278-287Location
United StatesPublisher DOI
ISSN
0022-1899eISSN
1537-6613Language
EnglishPublication classification
C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalIssue
2Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INCUsage metrics
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No categories selectedKeywords
Science & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicineImmunologyInfectious DiseasesMicrobiologyHPeV3parechoviruspediatricviral evolutionAustraliasepsisinfantspicornaviruscommunityrecombinationINFECTIONSINFANTSENTEROVIRUSDYNAMICSInfantHumansParechovirusPhylogenyPicornaviridae InfectionsRecombination, GeneticPediatricBiotechnologyInfectionBiological SciencesMedical and Health Sciences
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