AbstractThe upcoming 2010 NPT RevCon, unlike its predecessor in 25, appears set to take place in an international climate characterised by a widespread hope that there will be practical movement toward nuclear disarmament. This hope has been expressed not only by long‐term arms control and disarmament advocates but also by such US ‘cold warriors’ as former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. Thus, this survey article will address two key questions: (1) why is progress on nuclear disarmament seen by many as vital for reinvigorating the international non‐proliferation regime? (2) What are the prospects for progress on nuclear disarmament at the 2010 NPT RevCon?