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Progress, opportunity, and perspective on exosome isolation - efforts for efficient exosome-based theranostics

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Version 3 2024-06-18, 19:52
Version 2 2024-06-06, 09:35
Version 1 2020-04-10, 16:01
journal contribution
posted on 2024-06-18, 19:52 authored by D Yang, W Zhang, H Zhang, F Zhang, L Chen, L Ma, LM Larcher, S Chen, N Liu, Q Zhao, PHL Tran, C Chen, RN Veedu, T Wang
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with diameters of 30-150 nm. In both physiological and pathological conditions, nearly all types of cells can release exosomes, which play important roles in cell communication and epigenetic regulation by transporting crucial protein and genetic materials such as miRNA, mRNA, and DNA. Consequently, exosome-based disease diagnosis and therapeutic methods have been intensively investigated. However, as in any natural science field, the in-depth investigation of exosomes relies heavily on technological advances. Historically, the two main technical hindrances that have restricted the basic and applied researches of exosomes include, first, how to simplify the extraction and improve the yield of exosomes and, second, how to effectively distinguish exosomes from other extracellular vesicles, especially functional microvesicles. Over the past few decades, although a standardized exosome isolation method has still not become available, a number of techniques have been established through exploration of the biochemical and physicochemical features of exosomes. In this work, by comprehensively analyzing the progresses in exosome separation strategies, we provide a panoramic view of current exosome isolation techniques, providing perspectives toward the development of novel approaches for high-efficient exosome isolation from various types of biological matrices. In addition, from the perspective of exosome-based diagnosis and therapeutics, we emphasize the issue of quantitative exosome and microvesicle separation.

History

Journal

Theranostics

Volume

10

Pagination

3684-3707

Location

Sydney, NSW

Open access

  • Yes

ISSN

1838-7640

eISSN

1838-7640

Language

eng

Publication classification

C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journal

Copyright notice

2020, the authors

Issue

8

Publisher

Ivyspring International Publisher

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