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Pursuit of the muscular ideal: Physical and psychological consequences and putative risk factors

journal contribution
posted on 2005-02-01, 00:00 authored by G Cafri, J Thompson, L Ricciardelli, M McCabe, L Smolak, C Yesalis
Developing a lean muscular figure for the purposes of sports and/or appearance has become a central issue for males. Concern has been raised because the desire to develop such a body build may lead to the adoption of numerous health-threatening behaviors. Consequently, this review presents a comprehensive analysis of the physical and psychological consequences that result from the use of steroids (legal and illegal), ephedrine, and deleterious dieting strategies specific to males. Putative risk factors for these behaviors will be identified, and the clinical disorder associated with the extreme abuse of these behaviors, muscle dysmorphia, will be examined.


History

Journal

Clinical psychology review

Volume

25

Issue

2

Pagination

215 - 239

Publisher

Elsevier

Location

New York, NY.

ISSN

0272-7358

eISSN

1873-7811

Language

eng

Publication classification

C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journal

Copyright notice

2004, Elsevier Ltd.