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Racism, xenophobia, and discrimination: mapping pathways to health outcomes
journal contribution
posted on 2023-02-10, 04:10 authored by S Selvarajah, S Corona Maioli, TA Deivanayagam, P de Morais Sato, D Devakumar, SS Kim, JC Wells, M Yoseph, I Abubakar, Yin ParadiesYin ParadiesDespite being globally pervasive, racism, xenophobia, and discrimination are not universally recognised determinants of health. We challenge widespread beliefs related to the inevitability of increased mortality and morbidity associated with particular ethnicities and minoritised groups. In refuting that racial categories have a genetic basis and acknowledging that socioeconomic factors offer incomplete explanations in understanding these health disparities, we examine the pathways by which discrimination based on caste, ethnicity, Indigeneity, migratory status, race, religion, and skin colour affect health. Discrimination based on these categories, although having many unique historical and cultural contexts, operates in the same way, with overlapping pathways and health effects. We synthesise how such discrimination affects health systems, spatial determination, and communities, and how these processes manifest at the individual level, across the life course, and intergenerationally. We explore how individuals respond to and internalise these complex mechanisms psychologically, behaviourally, and physiologically. The evidence shows that racism, xenophobia, and discrimination affect a range of health outcomes across all ages around the world, and remain embedded within the universal challenges we face, from COVID-19 to the climate emergency.
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Journal
The LancetVolume
400Pagination
2109-2124Location
EnglandPublisher DOI
ISSN
0140-6736eISSN
1474-547XLanguage
enPublication classification
C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalIssue
10368Publisher
Elsevier BVUsage metrics
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