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Research and Innovation Opportunities to Improve Epidemiological Knowledge and Control of Environmentally Driven Zoonoses
journal contribution
posted on 2023-02-08, 02:53 authored by T Proboste, A James, A Charette-Castonguay, S Chakma, J Cortes-Ramirez, E Donner, Peter Sly, RJS MagalhãesWhile zoonotic diseases are defined by transmission processes between animals and humans, for many of these diseases the presence of a contaminated environmental source is the cause of transmission. Most zoonoses depend on complex environmentally driven interactions between humans and animals, which occur along an occupational and recreational environmental continuum, including farming and animal marketing systems, environmental management systems, and community leisure environments. Environmentally driven zoonoses (EDZs) are particularly challenging to diagnose and control as their reservoirs are in the natural environment and thus often escape conventional surveillance systems that rely on host monitoring. Changes in the environment as a result of climate change [1], human population density [2], and intensification of agriculture [3] have been linked to increasing transmission events for this group of infections. As such, there is a recognised need to be able to detect the presence of EDZs in the environment as a means to better anticipate transmission events and improve source attribution investigations. Finally, the recognition that a One Health approach is needed to combat these infections is signalling to governments the need to develop policy that optimises trade-offs across human, animal, and environmental health sectors. In this review, we discuss and critically appraise the main challenges relating to the epidemiology, diagnosis, and control of environmental zoonotic disease. Using a set of exemplar diseases, including avian influenza and antimicrobial resistant pathogens, we explore the epidemiological contexts (risk factors) within which these infections not only impact human health but also contribute to animal health and environmental impacts. We then critically appraise the surveillance challenges of monitoring these infections in the environment and examine the policy trade-offs for a more integrated approach to mitigating their impacts.
History
Journal
Annals of Global HealthVolume
88Pagination
1-10Location
London, Eng.Publisher DOI
ISSN
2214-9996eISSN
2214-9996Language
EnglishPublication classification
C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalIssue
1Publisher
Ubiquity PressUsage metrics
Keywords
Animal healthANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIAAntimicrobial resistantCHINACLOSUREEnvironmentally driven zoonosesINFLUENZA-A H7N9Life Sciences & BiomedicineLIVEOne HealthPREDICTPublic, Environmental & Occupational HealthQ-FEVERRISKScience & TechnologyVIRUSWET MARKETSZoonosesAnimalsHumansInfluenza in BirdsPopulation DensityClimate ChangeEmerging Infectious DiseasesInfectious DiseasesPrevention2 Aetiology2.4 Surveillance and distributionInfection3 Good Health and Well BeingPublic Health and Health Services not elsewhere classifiedClinical Sciences not elsewhere classified
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