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Resistance training and skeletal muscle protein metabolism in eumenorrheic females: implications for researchers and practitioners
journal contribution
posted on 2019-11-01, 00:00 authored by O E Knowles, Brad AisbettBrad Aisbett, Luana MainLuana Main, Eric DrinkwaterEric Drinkwater, Liliana OrellanaLiliana Orellana, Severine LamonSeverine LamonResistance training is essential for health and performance and confers many benefits such as increasing skeletal muscle mass, increasing strength and power output, and improving metabolic health. Resistance training is a major component of the physical activity guidelines, yet research in female populations is limited. Recent increases in the promotion of, and the participation by, females in sport and exercise, highlight the need for an increase in understanding of evidence-based best practice exercise prescription for females. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current research regarding resistance training performance and skeletal muscle adaptation in females, with a focus on the hormonal variables that may influence resistance training outcomes. Findings suggest that the menstrual cycle phase may impact strength, but not skeletal muscle protein metabolism. In comparison, oral contraception use in females may reduce skeletal muscle protein synthesis, but not strength outcomes, when compared to non-users. Future research should investigate the role of resistance training in the maintenance of skeletal muscle protein metabolism during pregnancy, menopause and in athletes experiencing relative energy deficiency in sport. The review concludes with recommendations for researchers to assist them in the inclusion of female participants in resistance training research specifically, with commentary on the most appropriate methods of controlling for, or understanding the implications of, hormonal fluctuations. For practitioners, the current evidence suggests possible resistance training practices that could optimise performance outcomes in females, although further research is warranted.
History
Journal
Sports medicineVolume
49Issue
11Pagination
1637 - 1650Publisher
SpringerLocation
Cham, SwitzerlandPublisher DOI
ISSN
0112-1642eISSN
1179-2035Language
engPublication classification
C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalCopyright notice
2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AGUsage metrics
Keywords
Resistance traininghealth and performanceskeletal muscle massstrength and power outputmetabolic healthphysical activity guidelinesfemales in sport and exerciseexercise prescription for femalesScience & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicineSport SciencesHORMONE-REPLACEMENT THERAPYADDUCTOR POLLICIS MUSCLEMAXIMUM FORCE PRODUCTIONORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE USENORMAL MENSTRUAL-CYCLEHEAVY-RESISTANCEGROWTH-HORMONEPOSTMENOPAUSAL WOMENPERCEIVED EXERTIONSEX-DIFFERENCESMechanical Engineering
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