Service models in eating disorders: a scoping review

Abstract Background The complexity of eating disorders can be reflected in the different diagnoses, varied clinical presentations and diverse personal circumstances of people living with an eating disorder. Given this complexity, adaptable and flexible service models are essential for effective care. Service models outline a structure for health care delivery that targets the health-related needs of people. The characteristics of existing service models providing assessment and treatment for eating disorders are not well described or understood. Objective The purpose of this scoping review was to map and describe the different types of service models for eating disorders and their characteristics. Method The JBI methodology for scoping reviews was used. A search of four databases (MEDLINE Complete, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and CINAHL) and grey literature was conducted. Sources describing service models supporting individuals with eating disorders were included. Results After duplicates were removed, the remaining sources were screened and read in full, and 30 sources were included in the review. Most service models were eating disorder specialist, located in metropolitan areas and based in community settings. Key characteristics of eating disorder service models included person-centred care, involvement of family and carers, co-design and lived experience contribution, multidisciplinary team, accessibility, identification and management of co-occurring conditions and integration with broader service systems. Conclusion Findings indicate vast differences between service models for eating disorders. However, there are examples of innovative and effective service models that show promise. The characteristics of service models for eating disorders identified in this review provided insight into what constitutes an effective and high-quality service model in the sector.