Significance of histological subtypes of Kikuchi`s disease: comparative immunohistochemical and apoptotic studies

Kikuchi's disease (KD) is a self-limiting lymphadenitis mostly affecting the cervical lymph nodes of young individuals. It has been classified into three histological subtypes and postulated to progress from the proliferative type (PT) to the necrotizing type (NT) and finally resolve into the xanthomatous type (XT). Since KD has been shown to be an apoptotic disease, the apoptotic activity was studied by the TUNEL method on 6, 12, and 6 cases of PT, NT, and XT, respectively, to see if the apoptotic activity could be shown to decrease in the order of the postulated sequence of evoluation. Significant statistical difference among the three subtypes was found (P = 0.050). Further analysis revealed that PT versus NT was significant (P = 0.010), but NT versus XT (P = 0.385) or PT versus XT (P = 0.310) was not. Analysis of three stages of NT was also significant (P = 0.019). Immunohistochemical study showed that abundant CD8+ T cells and cytotoxic protein positive cells were present in PT and NT, but were relatively low in XT. Our results showed progression of PT to NT, but not from NT to XT. Xanthomatous type was not the resolving stage of KD, but seemed to be a distinctive histological variant of KD caused by either different etiology or an unusual host reaction.