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Six weeks of a polarized training-intensity distribution leads to greater physiological and performance adaptations than a threshold model in trained cyclists
journal contribution
posted on 2013-02-01, 00:00 authored by Craig M Neal, Angus M Hunter, Lorraine Brennan, Aifric O'Sullivan, Lee HamiltonLee Hamilton, Giuseppe De Vito, Stuart D R GallowayThis study was undertaken to investigate physiological adaptation with two endurance-training periods differing in intensity distribution. In a randomized crossover fashion, separated by 4 wk of detraining, 12 male cyclists completed two 6-wk training periods: 1) a polarized model [6.4 (±1.4 SD) h/wk; 80%, 0%, and 20% of training time in low-, moderate-, and high-intensity zones, respectively]; and 2) a threshold model [7.5 (±2.0 SD) h/wk; 57%, 43%, and 0% training-intensity distribution]. Before and after each training period, following 2 days of diet and exercise control, fasted skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained for mitochondrial enzyme activity and monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 and 4 expression, and morning first-void urine samples were collected for NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics analysis. Endurance performance (40-km time trial), incremental exercise, peak power output (PPO), and high-intensity exercise capacity (95% maximal work rate to exhaustion) were also assessed. Endurance performance, PPOs, lactate threshold (LT), MCT4, and high-intensity exercise capacity all increased over both training periods. Improvements were greater following polarized rather than threshold for PPO [mean (±SE) change of 8 (±2)% vs. 3 (±1)%, P < 0.05], LT [9 (±3)% vs. 2 (±4)%, P < 0.05], and high-intensity exercise capacity [85 (±14)% vs. 37 (±14)%, P < 0.05]. No changes in mitochondrial enzyme activities or MCT1 were observed following training. A significant multilevel, partial least squares-discriminant analysis model was obtained for the threshold model but not the polarized model in the metabolomics analysis. A polarized training distribution results in greater systemic adaptation over 6 wk in already well-trained cyclists. Markers of muscle metabolic adaptation are largely unchanged, but metabolomics markers suggest different cellular metabolic stress that requires further investigation.
History
Journal
Journal of applied physiologyVolume
114Issue
4Pagination
461 - 471Publisher
American Physiological SocietyLocation
Bethesda, Md.Publisher DOI
eISSN
1522-1601Language
engPublication classification
C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalCopyright notice
2013, the American Physiological SocietyUsage metrics
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No categories selectedKeywords
Adaptation, PhysiologicalBicyclingBiomarkersBiopsyCross-Over StudiesDiscriminant AnalysisExerciseExercise TestLeast-Squares AnalysisMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopymetabolismMetabolomicsMitochondria, MuscleMonocarboxylic Acid TransportersMuscle ContractionMuscle FatigueMuscle ProteinsMuscle StrengthPhysical EnduranceScotlandSymportersTime FactorsUrinalysisskeletal muscleScience & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicinePhysiologySport SciencesEXERCISE INTENSITYCAPACITYINCREASESDURATIONEXCRETIONOXIDATIONFAT
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