Suppression of a slow post‐spike afterhyperpolarization by calcineurin inhibitors

AbstractA subset of myenteric neurons in the intestine (AH neurons) generate prolonged (>5 s) post‐spike afterhyperpolarizations (slow AHPs) that are insensitive to apamin and tetraethylammonium. Generation of slow AHPs depends critically on Ca2+ entry and intracellular release of Ca2+ from stores, which then leads to the activation of a K+ conductance that underlies the slow AHP (gsAHP). Slow AHPs are inhibited by stimulation of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, suggesting that phosphorylation of the K+‐channels that mediate the gsAHP (KsAHP‐channels) is responsible for suppression of slow AHPs and possibly for the repolarization phase of slow AHPs. In the present study, we investigated the possibility that the rising phase of the slow AHP is mediated by dephosphorylation of KsAHP‐channels by calcineurin (CaN), a Ca2+‐calmodulin‐dependent protein phosphatase, leading to an increase in gsAHP and activation of the associated current IsAHP. Slow AHPs and IsAHP were recorded using conventional recording techniques, and we tested the actions of two inhibitors of CaN, FK506 and cyclosporin A, and also the effect of the CaN autoinhibitory peptide applied intracellularly, on these events. We report here that all three treatments inhibited the slow AHP and IsAHP (>70%) without significantly affecting the ability of neurons to fire action potentials. In addition, the slow AHP and IsAHP were suppressed by okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. Our results indicate that activation of the gsAHP that underlies the post‐depolarization slow AHPs in AH neurons is mediated by the actions CaN and non‐Ca2+‐dependent phosphatases.