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Supragingival plaque microbiome ecology and functional potential in the context of health and disease

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posted on 2018-11-27, 00:00 authored by Josh L Espinoza, Derek M Harkins, Manolito Torralba, Andres Gomez, Sarah K Highlander, Marcus B Jones, Pamela Leong, Richard Saffery, Michelle Bockmann, Claire Kuelbs, Jason M Inman, Toby Hughes, Jeffrey CraigJeffrey Craig, Karen E Nelson, Chris L Dupont
To address the question of how microbial diversity and function in the oral cavities of children relates to caries diagnosis, we surveyed the supragingival plaque biofilm microbiome in 44 juvenile twin pairs. Using shotgun sequencing, we constructed a genome encyclopedia describing the core supragingival plaque microbiome. Caries phenotypes contained statistically significant enrichments in specific genome abundances and distinct community composition profiles, including strain-level changes. Metabolic pathways that are statistically associated with caries include several sugar-associated phosphotransferase systems, antimicrobial resistance, and metal transport. Numerous closely related previously uncharacterized microbes had substantial variation in central metabolism, including the loss of biosynthetic pathways resulting in auxotrophy, changing the ecological role. We also describe the first complete Gracilibacteria genomes from the human microbiome. Caries is a microbial community metabolic disorder that cannot be described by a single etiology, and our results provide the information needed for next-generation diagnostic tools and therapeutics for caries.IMPORTANCE Oral health has substantial economic importance, with over $100 billion spent on dental care in the United States annually. The microbiome plays a critical role in oral health, yet remains poorly classified. To address the question of how microbial diversity and function in the oral cavities of children relate to caries diagnosis, we surveyed the supragingival plaque biofilm microbiome in 44 juvenile twin pairs. Using shotgun sequencing, we constructed a genome encyclopedia describing the core supragingival plaque microbiome. This unveiled several new previously uncharacterized but ubiquitous microbial lineages in the oral microbiome. Caries is a microbial community metabolic disorder that cannot be described by a single etiology, and our results provide the information needed for next-generation diagnostic tools and therapeutics for caries.

History

Journal

mBio

Volume

9

Season

Nov/Dec

Article number

e01631-18

Pagination

1-21

Location

Washington, D.C.

Open access

  • Yes

eISSN

2150-7511

Language

eng

Publication classification

C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journal, C Journal article

Copyright notice

2018, Espinoza et al.

Issue

6

Publisher

American Society for Microbiology

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