Supramolecular chemistry of protoporphyrin IX and its derivatives

This microreview surveys developments in applications of protoporphyrin IX (PP-IX) derivatives in the fields of supramolecular science, artificial photosynthesis and biomedical science. It begins with the introduction of general PP-IX structure, methods of synthesis and discussion of properties such as solid- and liquid-state interactions. This is followed by description of the compounds' one-dimensional nano-superstructures, such as vesicles, tubules, fibres, micellar nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods and coils. Furthermore, a recent advance in protoporphyrin research in the area of monolayer formation is covered. Finally we explore the use of PP-IX derivatives in energy- and electron-transfer system construction. We conclude with our views on the prospects of PP-IX for future research endeavours. This microreview surveys the developments in the chemistry of protoporphyrin IX and explores its applications in the fields of organic and supramolecular chemistry.