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The contribution of breastfeeding to a healthy, secure and sustainable food system for infants and young children: monitoring mothers' milk production in the food surveillance system of Norway
journal contribution
posted on 2023-02-10, 01:51 authored by JP Smith, B Lande, L Johansson, Phillip Baker, A BærugAbstractObjective:The mother–child breastfeeding dyad is a powerful force for achieving healthy, secure and sustainable food systems. However, food system reports exclude breastfeeding and mother’s milk. To help correct this omission and give breastfeeding women greater visibility in food systems dialogue and action, we illustrate how to estimate mother’s milk production and incorporate this into food surveillance systems, drawing on the pioneering experience of Norway to show the potential value of such analysis.Design:The estimates use data on the proportion of children who are breastfed at each month of age (0–24 months), annual number of live births and assumptions on daily human milk intake at each month. New indicators for temporal and cross-country comparisons are considered.Setting:It is assumed that a breastfeeding mother on average produces 306 l of milk during 24 months of lactation.Participants:The annual number of live births is from Statistics Norway. Data for any breastfeeding at each month of age, between 0 and 24 months, are from official surveys in 1993, 1998–1999, 2006–2007, 2013 and 2018–2019.Results:Estimated total milk production by Norwegian mothers increased from 8·2 to 10·1 million l per year between 1993 and 2018–2019. Annual per capita production increased from 69 to 91 l per child aged 0–24 months.Conclusions:This study shows it is feasible and useful to include human milk production in food surveillance systems as an indicator of infant and young child food security and dietary quality. It also demonstrates significant potential for greater milk production.
History
Journal
Public Health NutritionVolume
25Article number
PII S1368980022001495Pagination
2693-2701Location
EnglandPublisher DOI
ISSN
1368-9800eISSN
1475-2727Language
EnglishPublication classification
C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalIssue
10Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESSUsage metrics
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No categories selectedKeywords
Science & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicinePublic, Environmental & Occupational HealthNutrition & DieteticsFood systemsFood surveillanceInfant and young child nutritionBreastfeedingInfant formulaHuman milkECONOMIC VALUEPATTERNSFORMULATRENDSNutritionPediatric3 Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing2 Zero HungerMedical and Health Sciences
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