The effects of commitment to multiple foci: an analysis of relative influence and interactions

Recent research on employee commitment has adopted a multifoci framework, arguing that it is important to distinguish between commitments to particular targets such as supervisors, coworkers, and the organization itself. However, there remain questions about the relative importance of different commitments for predicting outcomes and about possible interactive effects among multiple commitments. To address these questions, the authors collected data from 279 employees as well as their supervisors and coworkers. The authors found robust effects for affective commitment to supervisors, showing that it was significantly related to turnover intentions, task performance, and citizenship behaviors incremental to affective commitment to the organization and coworkers. In addition, a 3-way commitment interaction predicted task performance and citizenship behaviors directed toward the supervisor.