File(s) not publicly available
The role of microbiota and intestinal permeability in the pathophysiology of autoimmune and neuroimmune processes with an emphasis on inflammatory bowel disease type 1 diabetes and chronic fatigue syndrome
journal contribution
posted on 2016-01-01, 00:00 authored by G Morris, Michael BerkMichael Berk, A F Carvalho, J R Caso, Y Sanz, M MaesBACKGROUND: In steady state conditions intestinal immune homeostasis is maintained by a sophisticated bidirectional dialogue between the microbiota and the intestinal immune system. This "cross talk" is enabled by the presence of highly adapted secretory cells, sampling cells and pattern recognition receptors in the gastric epithelium. METHODS: Herein we discuss the mechanisms involved in the breakdown of intestinal homeostasis and the development of systemic immune activation and neuroinflammation with a view to discussing the importance of these processes, in tandem with genetic and environmental factors, in the pathophysiology of (auto)immune diseases.Data is presented explaining how immune tolerance is maintained and how it may breakdown. CONCLUSION: The breakdown of immune homeostasis following the development of gut inflammation, caused for example by gut dysbiosis, and the consequent increased intestinal permeability, is increasingly considered to be the ultimate source of the systemic immune activation and T helper 17/T regulatory cell imbalances, and maybe neurological disturbances, seen in autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. Increased intestinal permeability and translocation of commensal antigens into the systemic circulation is also a likely cause of the severe fatigue and an almost bewildering range of neurocognitive, neuroimaging and overall symptom presentations seen in patients with a diagnosis of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.
History
Journal
Current pharmaceutical designVolume
22Issue
40Pagination
6058 - 6075Publisher
Bentham Science PublishersLocation
Beijing, ChinaPublisher DOI
ISSN
1381-6128eISSN
1873-4286Language
engPublication classification
C Journal article; C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalCopyright notice
2016, Bentham Science PublishersUsage metrics
Read the peer-reviewed publication
Categories
Keywords
microbiotamicrobiomeleaky gutintestinal permeabilityautoimmunityinflammationScience & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicinePharmacology & PharmacySEGMENTED FILAMENTOUS BACTERIAREGULATORY B-CELLSSINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMSANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLSTOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4DENDRITIC CELLSGUT MICROBIOTAEPITHELIAL-CELLSFAECALIBACTERIUM-PRAUSNITZIIGENE-EXPRESSION