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Time spent outdoors through childhood and adolescence – assessed by 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration – and risk of myopia at 20 years
journal contribution
posted on 2023-04-19, 02:56 authored by G Lingham, DA Mackey, K Zhu, RM Lucas, LJ Black, WH Oddy, P Holt, JP Walsh, PG Sanfilippo, W Chan She Ping-Delfos, S YazarPurpose: To investigate the relationship between time spent outdoors, at particular ages in childhood and adolescence, and myopia status in young adulthood using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration as a biomarker of time spent outdoors. Methods: Participants of the Raine Study Generation 2 cohort had 25(OH)D concentrations measured at the 6-, 14-, 17- and 20-year follow-ups. Participants underwent cycloplegic autorefraction at age 20 years, and myopia was defined as a mean spherical equivalent −0.50 dioptres or more myopic. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between risk of myopia at age 20 years and age-specific 25(OH)D concentrations. Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyse trajectory of 25(OH)D concentrations from 6 to 20 years. Results: After adjusting for sex, race, parental myopia, body mass index and studying status, myopia at 20 years was associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration at 20 years (per 10 nmol/L decrease, odds ratio (aOR)=1.10, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.18) and a low vitamin D status [25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L] at 17 years (aOR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.76) and 20 years (aOR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.56), compared to those without low vitamin D status. There were no associations between 25(OH)D at younger ages and myopia. Individuals who were myopic at 20 years had a 25(OH)D concentration trajectory that declined, relative to non-myopic peers, with increasing age. Differences in 25(OH)D trajectory between individuals with and without myopia were greater among non-Caucasians compared to Caucasians. Conclusions: Myopia in young adulthood was most strongly associated with recent 25(OH)D concentrations, a marker of time spent outdoors.
History
Journal
Acta OphthalmologicaVolume
99Pagination
679-687Location
EnglandPublisher DOI
ISSN
1755-375XeISSN
1755-3768Language
enPublication classification
C1.1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalIssue
6Publisher
WileyUsage metrics
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Keywords
myopiathe Raine Studytime outdoorsvitamin DAdolescentAustraliaChildFemaleFollow-Up StudiesForecastingHumansIncidenceLeisure ActivitiesLongitudinal StudiesMaleMyopiaRefraction, OcularRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesVitamin DYoung AdultClinical ResearchPediatricNutritionOphthalmology and Optometry not elsewhere classifiedClinical Sciences not elsewhere classifiedNeurosciences not elsewhere classified
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