Towards Consistency in Dietary Pattern Scoring: Standardising Scoring Workflows for Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND Diets Using 24-Hour Recall and Two Variations of a Food Frequency Questionnaire

Abstract Healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), DASH and MIND have been evaluated for their potential association with health outcomes. However, the lack of standardisation in scoring methodologies can hinder reproducibility and meaningful cross-study comparisons. Here we provide a reproducible workflow for generating the MeDi, DASH, and MIND dietary pattern scores from frequently used dietary assessment tools including the 24-hour recall tool and two variations of food frequency questionnaires. Subjective aspects of the scoring process are highlighted and have led to a recommended reporting checklist. This checklist enables standardised reporting with sufficient detail to enhance the reproducibility and comparability of their outcomes. In addition to these aims, valuable insights in the strengths and limitations of each assessment tool for scoring the MeDi, DASH and MIND diet can be utilised by researchers and clinicians to determine which dietary assessment tool best meets their needs.